1、Achenes 8-ribbed, white pilose; pappus scabrous, 10-12 mm long, connate at base.
2、Flowers 5-merous, sepals broadly sessile, slightly connate basally, oblong, acute, to 2.5 mm, petals basally slightly connate, spreading, white, anthers dark red.
3、Flowers large, petals basally connate for 3 mm, broadly ovate, rounded with a short mucro, to 5-8 mm.
4、Water in the subsurface below the water table. Groundwater is held in the pores of rocks, and can be connate, from meteoric sources, or associated with igneous intrusions.
5、Flowers red, sessile, 5-7 cm in diam.; bracts and sepals covered with caducous silky hairs; petals 6-7, 3.5-4 cm long, base connate; stamens 3 cm long, glabrous; ovary hairy, styles 3-4, distinct.
6、Flowers solitary and terminal, 8-10 cm in diam., sessile; bracts 3; sepals 5, obovate, covered with caduceus tomentum outside; petals 6-8, white, obovate, 3-4.5 cm long, connate at base, outmost 2 hairy; stamens numerous, distinct, 1.7 cm long; ovary hairy, styles 3.
